الهوامش
(1)Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change: prospects for
civil–military relations in Turkey, International Affairs 83: 2 (2007) 339–355, P. 340.
(2) Ibid., PP. 354-355.
(3) Ibid., PP. 339-341.
(4) Ülgen, Sinan, From Inspiration to Aspiration, Turkey in the New
Middle East, PP. 7-9.
(5) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, PP. 342-343.
(6) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 339-341.
(7)Varol, Ozan O., The Military as the Guardian of
Constitutional Democracy, Lewis & Clark Law School Legal Research Paper
Series, Paper No. 30, 2012, PP. 53.
(8) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 339-341.
(9) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 339-341.
(10) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 339-341.
(11) Ülgen, Sinan, From Inspiration to Aspiration, Op cit.,, 2011, PP. 7-9.
(12) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 343-344.
(13) Ibid.
(14) Ibid.
(15) Ibid.
(16) Ibid.
(17) Ibid.
(18) Ibid.
(19) Ibid, PP. 345-346.
(20) Ibid.
(21) Ibid.
(22) Ibid.
(23) Faltas, Sami, The Prime Minister and the Imam: Civil-Military
Relations in Turkey today, (Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, PP.
133-143) PP. 137-139.
(24) Ibid.
(25) Ibid.
(26) Tuininga, Alexander, The Emerging Pattern of Civil-Military
Relations in Islamist States, thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Security Studies, Thesis
Advisor Robert Springborg, Second Reader, Thomas Bruneau, Naval Postgraduate
School, March 2013, PP. 61-78.
(27) Faltas, Sami, The Prime Minister and the Imam, Op cit.,PP. 136-137.
(28) Tuininga, Alexander, The Emerging Pattern of Civil-Military
Relations, Op cit.,PP. 61-78.
(29) Jenkins, Gareth, Continuity and change, Op cit.,PP. 352-353.
(30) Faltas, Sami, The Prime Minister and the Imam, Op cit.,PP. 136-137.
(31) Ari, Leman Basak, Civil-Military Relations in Turkey, Master Degree
in Public Administration, Texas State University, Summer 2007, PP. 43-44.
(32) Steven A. Cook, Q&A on Egypt's Post-Mubarak Future, Foreign
Affairs, February 10, 2011.
(33) Toktas, Şule, and Kurt,
MIT, The Impact of EU Reform Process on Civil-Military Relations in Turkey,
SETA Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, policy brief, No.,
26, November, 2008, PP. 1-2.
(34) Toktas, Şule, and Kurt,
MIT, The Impact of EU Reform, Op cit.,PP.
3-4.
(35) Mahmoud, Faiqa, Evolving Civil-Military Relations, Op cit.,PP. 8-12.
(36) Faltas, Sami, The Prime Minister and the Imam, Op cit.,PP. 139-141.
(37) Ari, Leman Basak, Civil-Military Relations in Turkey, Op cit.,PP. 43-44.
(38) Toktas, Şule, and Kurt,
MIT, the Impact of EU Reform, Op cit.,PP.
3-4.
(39) Faltas, Sami, The Prime Minister and the Imam, Op cit.,PP. 139-141.
(40) Ibid.,PP. 141-143.
(41) Ibid.
(42)
وقد كان أبرز مثال على
ذلك وثيقة السلمي، التي صدرت باسم نائب رئيس الوزراء للتحول الديمقراطي، الدكتور
على السلمي. وقد صدرت الوثيقة في أعقاب ثورة يناير 2011، وبناء على رغبة المجلس
العسكري الحاكم في ذلك الوقت. لمزيد من التفاصيل انظر على سبيل المثال:
El-Ghobashy,
Mona, Egyptian Politics Upended, Middle East Research and Information Project, available at:http://www.merip.org/mero/mero082012
(43) Mahmoud, Faiqa, Evolving Civil-Military Relations, Op cit.,PP. 12-13.
(44) Ibid.
(45) Ibid.
(46) Ibid.
(47) Ibid.
(48) Varol, Ozan O., The Military as the Guardian of
Constitutional Democracy, Op cit.,PP.
74.
(49) Cook, Steven A., Ruling but not Governing, The Military and
Political Development in Egypt, Algeria, and Turkey, John Hopkins University
Press, 2007, PP. x.
(50) Ülgen, Sinan, From Inspiration to Aspiration, Op cit., PP. 7-9.
(51) Diamint, Rut and Mikail, Barah, Militaries, Civilians and Democracy
in the Arab World, FRIDE, Policy Brief Series, Nº 112 – Jan. 2012, PP. 3.
(52) Ibid.